Chapter Six
明辨
DISCERNING
邪正
Good or Evil
333.
子曰：「君子和而不同，小人同而不和。」君子心和，然其所見各異，故曰不同；小人所嗜好者同，然各爭利，故曰不和也。
（卷九 論語）
333.
Confucius said: “A superior person may hold different opinions from others but he can live in harmony with others. A petty person may seem agreeable with others but he cannot live in harmony with others.”
Scroll 9: Lun Yu
【白話】
孔子說：「君子與人相處，和平忍讓，而其見解卓越，與眾不同；小人所見平庸，與眾相同，而其爭利之心特別強，不能與人和諧辦事，只能擾亂他人而已。」
334.
子曰：「君子成人之美，不成人之惡。小人反是。」
（卷九 論語）
334.
Confucius said: “A superior person perfects what is good in people. He does not perfect what is bad. A petty person does the opposite.”
Scroll 9: Lun Yu
【註釋】
①美：善、好。
【白話】
孔子說：「君子成全別人的善舉，不促成別人的惡事。小人相反，見人做善事就嫉妒、做惡事便贊成，這是天理所不容的。」
335.
君子揜人之過以長善，小人毀人之善以為功。
（卷四十八 體論）
335.
A superior person conceals the faults of others as a means to cultivate his own kindness. A petty person destroys the kind deeds of others as a means to show off his own greatness.
Scroll 48: Ti Lun
【白話】
君子遮掩別人的過錯來長養自己的厚道美德，小人則詆毀他人的善心善行來標榜自己。
336.
子貢曰：「君子亦有惡（ㄨˋ）乎？」子曰：「有惡。惡稱人惡（ㄜˋ）者，好稱說人惡，所以為惡也。惡居下流而訕上者，訕，謗毀也。惡勇而無禮者，惡果敢而窒者。」窒，塞。
（卷九 論語）
336.
Zigong asked Confucius: “Will superior persons despise anyone?” Confucius said: “Superior persons despise people who expose the faults of others. They despise subordinates who slander their superiors. They despise brave people who are discourteous, and they despise resolute people who are unreasonable.” *
Scroll 9: Lun Yu
* We should avoid exposing the wrongdoings of others but propagate as many kind deeds as we can. When a subordinate sees faults in his superior he should propose some alternatives that can help his superior to change. If the superior insists on his own ways, the subordinate can choose to submit his resignation. But slandering one’s superior behind his back is not an honorable thing to do. Bravery that is not in accord with protocols will easily compel one to rebel against one’s superior; resoluteness that is not in accord with reasons will not only ruin a course but also hurt other people.
【白話】
子貢說：「君子對人是否也有憎惡？」孔子說：「有憎惡。君子憎惡宣揚別人過失的人，因為做人應該包容掩藏他人的過失，宣揚他人的善行；憎惡居於下位而毀謗上位的人，因為上級有過時應該規勸而非背後毀謗，若不聽從則可離開，若背後毀謗，則有失忠厚；憎惡有勇卻不遵守禮法的人，因為容易以下犯上；憎惡果斷而不通事理的人，因為那樣往往容易敗事，而又損人。」
337.
君子心有所定，計有所守；智不務多，務行其所知；行不務多，務審其所由；安之若性，行之如不及。小人則不然，心不在乎道義之經，口不吐乎訓誥之言，不擇賢以託身，不力行以自定，隨轉如流，不知所執。
（卷四十八 體論）
337.
Superior persons possess solid principles and goals, and every plan that they make is firmly grounded in these principles. They do not need to know too many principles, but whatever they know is applied in their daily life. They do not need to do too many things, but whatever they do is done with good reasons. Their minds are calm and rest in good faith as if it is second nature to them. When they do good deeds, they are always apprehensive about not being able to put in their best efforts. Petty persons do the opposite. They do not care about moral principles, they cannot speak of remonstrations that are meaningful, they refuse to take lessons from the virtuous to improve themselves, and they cannot ground themselves in good deeds. They simply go with the flow, oblivious to their deeds.
Scroll 48: Ti Lun
【註釋】
①務：追求、謀取。
②訓誥（ㄍㄠˋ）：泛指訓導告誡之類的文辭。
【白話】
君子心中有堅定的使命和信念，每次考慮、謀劃都能堅守原則。道理、智慧不貪求多，只要知道了就一定付諸實行；行動不求其多，但行動前一定審思行動的理由。心安住在美好的信念中，像天性一樣自然不勉強；實行時，則唯恐來不及而精進努力。小人則不是這樣，心思不在道義的原則上，嘴裡說不出告誡勸勉的話，不選擇賢者親近求教來寄託身心，不努力落實道德來使自己心靈安定，而是隨波逐流，不知道自己該做些什麼。
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