龍源-黃藥師的相機世界

法律

Law and Statute

269.

先仁而後法，先教而後刑，是治之先後者也。

（卷五十　袁子正書）

269.

Try using benevolent means first before enforcing the law. Try using education to transform people first before using penalties to punish them. This is the order of importance in the governing of a country.

Scroll 50: Yuan Zi Zheng Shu

【白話】

先實行仁義然後才用法令，先進行教化然後才用刑法，這是治理國家的重要先後次序。

270.

法非從天下，非從地出，發於人間，反己自正也。誠達其本，不亂於末；知其要，不惑於疑；有諸己，不非諸人；無諸己，不責於下；所禁於民者，不行於身。故人主之制法也，先以自為檢戒_戒作式，故禁勝於身，即令行於民矣。

（卷三十五　文子）

270.

The legal system is neither bestowed by heaven nor born out of the earth. It is created by human beings to regulate and restrict their behavior. If we can get to the root of the problems, we will not make petty mistakes. If we can master the principles, we will not be trapped in doubts. If a ruler is able to handle a task competently, he will not reproach or criticize others for their inability to do the same. If the ruler is unable to accomplish a task, he will not demand others to accomplish the task for him. What he does not want others to do, he must first forbid himself to do the same. Therefore, a ruler must lead by example, and when legislators are able to follow and abide by the prohibitions that they have established, the populace will certainly become law-abiding.

Scroll 35: Wen Zi

【註釋】

①檢戒：當作「檢式」。法式、法度。

【白話】

法令制度不是從天上掉下來，也不是從地下生出來，而是人們制定出來的，又反過來約束人們端正自己。果真通達了根本，就不會在枝末細節上犯錯誤；掌握了綱要，就不會被疑難所困惑；人君自己能做到，也不會去指責別人沒做到；自己做不到，更不會要求臣民要做到；所禁止百姓不能做的事，自己首先不做。因此人君制定法令，自己先要做出守法的模範，而法律、禁令都能在領導者本身率先實踐，那麼，政令必然能在民間暢行無阻。

271.

凡我有官君子，欽乃攸司，慎乃出令，令出惟行，弗惟反。_{有官君子，大夫以上也。嘆而戒之，使敬所司。慎出令，從政之本也。令出必惟行之，不惟反改。二三其令，亂之道也。}以公滅私，民其允懷。_{從政以公平滅私情，則民其信歸之。}
（卷二　尚書）

271.

King Cheng of Zhou dynasty said: “To my officials at all levels: You are expected to manage your work dutifully. You should be careful with any orders that you issue, and once an order has been issued, it must be carried out and cannot be changed at will. Be fair-minded and let go of personal interests or grievances. If you can do so, people  will definitely trust and follow you.”

Scroll 2: Shang Shu

【註釋】

①欽乃攸司：恭敬對待你們所管理的工作。欽，恭敬。乃，你們。攸，所。司，主管、執掌。　

②懷：歸向、歸服。

【白話】

周成王說，凡我的各級官長，要恭敬對待你們所管理的工作，慎重對待你們發布的命令。命令發出了就要實行，不能朝令夕改。用公正的心去掉個人的私情或恩怨，人民就會信任歸服。

272.

《書》曰：「與殺不辜，寧失不經。」
（卷十七　漢書五）

272.

Shang Shu said: “It is better to be faulted for not  following the usual investigation procedures than to make a mistake and putting innocent people to death.”

Scroll 17: Han Shu, Vol. 5

【註釋】

①不經：不合常法。

【白話】

《尚書》說：「與其妄殺無辜，寧可犯不依常法的過錯。」也就是說，處理案件要體現仁政，司法的官吏要以仁德存心，避免冤獄。

273.

子曰：「聽訟吾猶人。_與人等。必也使無訟乎！」_{化之在前。}
（卷九　論語）

273.

Confucius said: “In hearing lawsuits, I am no better than anyone else. What is imperative is to make it so that there are no lawsuits.”

Scroll 9: Lun Yu

【註釋】

①聽訟：審理訴訟、審案。

【白話】

孔子說：「審理訴訟案件，我跟別人的方式差不多。但我一定盡力使訴訟案件不發生才好。」