龍源-黃藥師的相機世界

民生

The Livelihood of People

248.

富國有八政：一曰，儉以足用；二曰，時以生利；三曰，貴農賤商；四曰，常民之業；五曰，出入有度；六曰，以貨均財；七曰，抑談說之士；八曰，塞朋黨之門。
（卷五十　袁子正書）

248.

There are Eight Policies that can make a country prosperous:
1. Exercise fiscal austerity to set aside more than adequate financial reserves.
2. Master the agricultural cycles to help farmers produce an abundance of commodities.
3. Attach more importance to agriculture than to trading.
4. Ensure the people have stable employment.
5. Control government expenses—live within your means.
6. Exercise monetary policy to equalize wealth.
7. Check the influence of lobbyists.
8. Put an end to cliques that band together for selfish purposes.
Scroll 50: Yuan Zi Zheng Shu

【註釋】

①布：遍布、分布。　

②兼：合併、併吞。

【白話】

使國家富強的政策有八條：一是要節儉，使人民生活富裕充足；二是掌握農時，使人民收穫豐盈；三是重農抑商；四是使人民都有固定的職業；五是量入為出，開支有節制；六是以正確的貨幣政策調節財富；七是抑制高談闊論的人；八是杜絕結黨營私的門路。節儉則資源財富運用久遠，按照時節勞作就保證收成，重視農業糧食價格就高，抑制商業貨物價格就低，如此社會才易穩定，職業固定則百姓工作專一，開支有度就會使財富不散，財貨均衡遍布各處則可抑制兼併發生，摒棄空談的人就會使百姓不迷惑混亂，堵塞朋黨之門則天下就會歸順君主。懂得這八者，國家雖小，必定能稱王。不懂這八者，國家雖大，最後必定滅亡。

249.

民有餘則輕之，故人君歛之以輕；民不足則重之，故人君散之以重。_{民輕之之時，為斂糴之；重之之時，官為散之。}凡輕重歛散之以時，即準平，故大賈蓄家不得豪奪吾民矣。
（卷十四　漢書二）

249.

Prices of goods will decline when there is a surplus. The government can take this opportunity to buy the goods and stockpile them. When the demand is greater than the supply, the price will go up and the government can sell off the goods. If the buying and selling is timely, demand and supply will be balanced and the prices of goods will be stabilized. Thus, big merchants and rich families that became rich by cornering the market will not be able to wrest benefits from the common people.
Scroll 14: Han Shu, Vol. 2

【註釋】

①大賈：大商人。　

②蓄家：蓄藏財貨頗多之家。

【白話】

民眾有剩餘時，物價就比較低，所以君主就低價收購；民眾不夠用時，物價就高，所以君主就拋售。如果收購與拋售能合於時機且掌握恰當，供求就能平衡，物價就能穩定，那些囤積財貨的商人和富家就不能仗勢強奪百姓的利益了。