至公
Paramount Impartiality
201.
大道之行也，天下為公。選賢與能。公猶共也，禪位授聖，不家之也。故人不獨親其親，不獨子其子，孝慈之道廣也。使老有所終，幼有所長，鰥寡孤獨廢疾者，皆有所養。無匱乏者。是故謀閉而不興，盜竊亂賊而不作。是謂大同。同猶和平。
（卷七 禮記）
201.
When the perfect order prevails, the world is like a home shared by all. Virtuous and able men are elected to serve the public. All men love and respect their own parents and children, as well as the parents and children of others. There is caring for the old, nourishment and education for the children, and means of support for widows and widowers, orphans, lonely people, as well as for the disabled and sick. Intrigues and conniving for ill gain are unknown, and villains such as thieves and robbers do not exist. These are the characteristics of an ideal world, the commonwealth state.
Scroll 7: Li Ji
【註釋】
①鰥寡孤獨廢疾：鰥，成年無妻或喪妻的人。寡，專指婦人喪夫。孤，幼年喪父或父母雙亡。獨，老而無子孫者。廢疾，身體或精神有殘缺而不能做事的人。
【白話】
大道實現的時代，是天下為大家所共有共享的。選拔賢德之人，為天下人民服務。因此，人們不僅親愛自己的雙親，不僅慈愛自己的子女，而使所有老人都能安度晚年，使所有小孩能得到良好的教育，健康的成長，並使所有鰥夫、寡婦、孤兒、無後嗣的老人以及身殘和有病的人，都得到照顧和贍養。所以，人人都能真誠相處，就不會有勾心鬥角、損人利己的陰謀出現，盜竊作亂的事也不會發生。這才是真正的大同世界。
202.
天下者非一人之天下，天下之天下也。與天下同
利者，則得天下；擅天下之利者，失天下。
（卷三十一 六韜）
202.
The world is not a world for one but for all. He who shares benefits with the world will earn the support of the world. He who monopolizes benefits for himself will lose the world.
Scroll 31: Liu Tao
【註釋】
①擅：獨攬，專。
【白話】
天下不是一個人的天下，而是天下人的天下。能和天下人共享利益的人，可以得到天下；獨占天下利益的人，最後會失去天下。
203.
夫能通天下之志者，莫大乎至公。能行至公者，莫要乎無忌心。
（卷四十九 傅子）
203.
One needs to be impartial to understand the will of the people. And to be totally impartial, one needs to have no jealousy.
Scroll 49: Fu Zi
【白話】
能通達天下人心意的，最重要在於大公無私。能做到大公無私的人，最重要的是沒有猜忌之心，念念利益天下人民。
204.
故君人者，愛民而安，好士而榮，兩者無一焉而 亡也。明分職，序事業，拔材官能，莫不治理，則公 道達而私門塞矣，公義明而私事息矣。如是，則德厚 者進，而佞悅者止；貪利者退，而廉節者起。
（卷三十八 孫卿子）
204.
A leader who loves his people will be able to make them feel safe and at peace. If he enjoys learning from the sages, he will be able to bring prosperity to the country. Without these, his own safety as well as that of the country will be placed in peril. When a ruler clearly understands the responsibilities of his job and is able to distinguish the relative degrees of urgency in each of his tasks, and chooses virtuous and able people to run the government in an orderly way, righteousness will flourish and private sidedeals will cease. Subsequently, virtuous and able people will be given important posts while flatterers will be restrained. Those who seek personal benefits will be dismissed, and those who are incorruptible will be entrusted with greater responsibilities.
Scroll 38: Sun Qing Zi
【註釋】
①分職：分掌職務、分治其事。
【白話】
為人君者，愛護人民就可以使人心安定，喜好親近賢士就能使國家興盛，這兩者一項都沒有就會敗亡。明確各部門掌管的職務，依據事情的輕重緩急來安排工作，選拔賢才，任用有能力的人為官，一切都治理得井井有條，那麼為公家效忠的道路就會暢通了，而行私請託的門徑就被杜絕了；為公義的風氣能彰顯，而個人謀私的事能止息。這樣一來，品德淳厚的人得到任用，奸佞諂媚的人受到遏止；貪圖利益的人被辭退，廉潔奉公的人受到重用。
205.
臣聞堯受命，以天下為憂，而未聞以位為樂也。
（卷十七 漢書五）
205.
I, (Minister Dong Zhongshu) have heard that when Emperor Yao was entrusted to be the emperor, he had taken upon himself all the world’s concerns as his own concerns. He did not rejoice because he had become the emperor.
Scroll 17: Han Shu, Vol. 5
【白話】
臣（董仲舒）聽說堯帝接受天命成為天子，把天下的憂患當作自己的憂患，卻沒有聽說是因為坐上了天子的位置而高興。
206.
賈曰：「天下安，注意相；天下危，注意將。將相和，則士豫附；士豫附，天下雖有變，則權不分。」
（卷十六 漢書四）
206.
The notable politician, thinker and Confucian scholar, Lu Jia, who lived during the Han dynasty, commented that: “When the world is at peace, pay attention to the prime minister. When the world is in crisis or at war, pay attention to the general. When the prime minister and the general can work together in harmony, virtuous people will come around and pledge their allegiance. When this happens, power will not be divided even when the world is undergoing change.”
Scroll 16: Han Shu, Vol. 4
【註釋】
①豫附：悅樂而歸順。
【白話】
陸賈說：「天下安定時，要注意行政首長的能力；動亂時，就要注意軍事將領的忠誠。將相能和睦相處，賢士就樂於歸附；賢士歸附，天下即使有變化，權力也不會分散。」
207.
顧吾念之，強秦之所以不敢加兵於趙者，徒以吾兩人在也。今兩虎鬥，其勢不俱生。吾所以為此，先公家之急，而後私讎也。
（卷十二 史記下）
207.
In my opinion, the powerful state of Qin has not attacked our state (of Zhao) because both of us are here. Now if we, the two tigers, have conflicts and fight among ourselves, we will no longer be able to work side by side. The reason why I am doing this is because I am putting the country's safety before my personal feelings.” *
Scroll 12: Shi Ji, Vol. 2
* Background story:
The “I” refers to Lin Xiangru, a senior minister in the state of Zhao during the Warring States period. He and General Lian Po served together in the government, and the metaphor of the “two tigers” refers to Lin and Lian. Because Minister Lin had been given credit for returning the precious Heshi jade to the Duke of Zhao, he was promoted to a more senior post than General Lian. Lian was very upset over this promotion and he encouraged his people to smear Lin’s reputation. However, Lin had avoided confronting Lian by giving the excuse that Lin was sick and therefore unable to confront Lian. The quote was based on Lin’s conversation with Lin’s closest aides when the latter asked why he would not retaliate. When Lian Po came to know about this later, he was deeply ashamed. He took off his shirt and tied a bramble branch on his back and went to Lin’s house to ask for forgiveness. The two finally became very good friends ready to serve the country and die for each other.
【註釋】
①顧：不過、但是。
②加兵：發動戰爭，以武力進攻。
③徒：但、僅、只。
④以：因為、由於。
⑤急：要緊、重要。
⑥讎：仇怨。
【白話】
只不過我（藺相如）考慮到，強大的秦國之所以不敢發兵攻打趙國，那是因為有廉頗將軍與我在。如今我們兩虎相鬥，勢必不可能共存。我處處退避的原因，是以考慮國家的安危在先，而個人的私怨在後。
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