仁義
Benevolence and Righteousness
93.
曾子曰：「士不可以不弘毅，任重而道遠。弘，大也。毅，強而能斷也。士弘毅然後能負重任，致遠路也。仁以為己任，不亦重乎？死而後已，不亦遠乎？」仁以為己任，重莫重焉；死而後已，遠莫遠焉。
（卷九 論語）
93.
Zengzi said: “An officer cannot be without breadth of mind and vigorous endurance. His responsibilities are heavy and his journey ahead is far and long indeed. When committed to practicing the virtue of benevolence as a personal goal, is this not a heavy responsibility? Only with death will this commitment end. Is this not a journey that is far and long indeed?”
Scroll 9: Lun Yu
【註釋】
①弘毅：寬宏堅毅，謂抱負遠大，意志堅強。
②已：停止。
【白話】
曾子說：「作為讀書人，心志不可以不宏大剛毅，因為肩負的責任重大，而且行走的路程遙遠。把實行仁德作為自己的責任，這責任不是很重大嗎？這個重責大任要一直承擔下去，到死為止，這路程不是很遙遠嗎？」
94.
有一言而可常行者，恕也；一行而可常履者，正也。恕者仁之術也，正者義之要也。至矣哉。
（卷四十六 申鑒）
94.
If there is one word that you should hold permanently to your heart, it is this word, Shu—“What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.” If there is one standard of conduct that you should always exemplify, it is this, Zheng—“Integrity”. Shu is the practice that leads to benevolence, and Zheng is the key to righteousness.
Scroll 46: Shen Jian
【註釋】
①履：執行、實行。
【白話】
有一個字是可以恆常奉行的，就是「恕」，己所不欲，勿施於人；有一種行為是可以恆常實踐的，就是「正」，正直無私。恕，是施行仁德的方法；正直，是遵守道義的要領。真是太重要了！
95.
顏淵問仁。子曰：「克己復禮為仁。克己，約身。一日克己復禮，天下歸仁焉。一日猶見歸，況終身乎。為仁由己，而由人乎哉？」行善在己不在人。曰：「請問其目。」知其必有條目，故請問之。子曰：「非禮勿視，非禮勿聽，非禮勿言，非禮勿動。」此四者，克己復禮之目。
（卷九 論語）
95.
Yan Yuan asked Confucius about the definition of “benevolence.” Confucius answered: “To be able to control your desires and to let your words and deeds to be steadfast in propriety is benevolence. Once you can do this you will be able to affect the world to become benevolent also. Take the initiatives upon yourself and do not expect initiation from someone else.” Yan Yuan asked again: “How can one carry on such a practice?” Confucius replied: “Do not look at things that do not accord with propriety. Do not listen to things that do not accord with propriety. Do not say things that do not accord with propriety, and do not do anything that does not accord with propriety.”
Scroll 9: Lun Yu
【註釋】
①克己復禮：約束自我，使言行合乎先王之禮。
②目：條目、要目、細則。
【白話】顏淵請教如何實踐仁德。孔子說：「克制自己的欲望，使言語行動都合於禮節，這便是仁。只要有一天真正做到克己復禮的功夫，那麼天下的人都會受到感化，而歸向於仁德。實踐仁德全靠自己來下功夫，還要靠別人嗎？」顏淵說：「請問具體的條目？」孔子說：「不合於禮的不看，不合於禮的不聽，不合於禮的不說，遇到一切不合於禮的事情都不動心。」
96.
仲弓問仁。子曰：「出門如見大賓，使民如承大祭。仁之道莫尚乎敬。己所不欲，勿施於人。在邦無怨，在家無怨。」在邦為諸侯，在家為卿大夫。
（卷九 論語）
96.
Zhong-gong asked about benevolence. Confucius said: “When you face the public, act as if you were greeting prestigious guests. While employing the services of the common people, act as if you were officiating a major ceremony. What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others. In this way, you will not incur any bitter feelings from anybody.”
Scroll 9: Lun Yu
【註釋】
①大賓：泛指國 賓。
②大祭：古代重大祭祀之稱。包括天地之祭、禘祫之祭等。
【白話】
仲弓請教如何實踐仁德。孔子說：「出門與人相見，像接待貴賓一樣恭敬，差遣民力像承擔重大祭祀一樣慎重。凡是自己不願接受的事情，不要強加於人。在諸侯的國家裡沒有人怨恨，在大夫的封地沒有人怨恨，無論在哪裡做事，都不會使人抱怨，這便是仁德。」
97.
貧賤之知不可忘，糟糠之妻不下堂。
（卷二十二 後漢書二）
97.
A man should not forget the friends he made when he was poor. A wife who has shared her husband's hardships must never be cast aside.
Scroll 22: Hou Han Shu, Vol. 2
【註釋】
①糟糠之妻：貧困時共患難的妻子。糟，酒滓。糠，穀皮。糟糠比喻粗劣食物。
②下堂：女子被丈夫遺棄或和丈夫離異。
【白話】
人不能忘本，縱使自己飛黃騰達了，患難當中的知交朋友不能遺忘，對於跟我們胼手胝足的妻子也不能拋棄。
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