應事
Making Correct Response
318.
位也者，立德之機也；勢也者，行義之杼也。聖人蹈機握杼，織成天地之化，使萬物順焉，人倫正焉。
（卷四十六 中論）
318.
An official position is comparable to a loom used to weave benevolence; the authority is comparable to a shuttle facilitating righteousness. The sage steps on the loom and holds the shuttle, weaving educational lessons for the world, enabling all things to grow in harmony, and making the moral relations of human beings upright and proper.
Scroll 46: Zhong Lun
【註釋】
①機：織布的器具。
②杼：織機的梭子。
【白話】
職位，好比是建立仁德的紡織機；權勢，好比是施行道義的梭子。聖人腳踏紡織機、手握梭子，編織成天地的美好教化，使萬物和順，人倫關係端正。
319.
故聖人深居以避害，靜默以待時。小人不知禍福之門，動作無作字而陷於刑，雖曲為之備，不足以全身。
（卷三十五 文子）
319.
Sages live in seclusion in order to avoid danger, but quietly they make observations and wait for the next opportunity to arise. But petty persons, who do not know why good or bad fortune happens, would stumble into catastrophe every time they acted rashly, irrespective of how many precautions they might have taken to protect themselves.
Scroll 35: Wen Zi
【註釋】
①曲：周遍、多方面、詳盡。
【白話】
聖人隱居以避開禍害，安靜沉默以等待時機。小人不知道災禍和幸福從哪裡來，一有舉動就會受到刑罰，即使費盡心機想防備，也不足以保全自己的性命。
320.
子曰：「君子安其身而後動，易其心而後語，定其交而後求。君子修此三者，故全也。」
（卷一 周易）
320.
Confucius said: “A superior person must calm himself before he takes any actions; be at ease before he speaks; earn the trust of others before he asks any favor from them. If a superior person can exemplify these three traits, he will be able to exist harmoniously with others without misgivings.”
Scroll 1: Zhou Yi
【白話】
孔子說：「君子必先使自己身心安穩，然後才可以行動；必先換個角度為人著想，使自己心平氣和，然後再開口說話；必先以誠信待人，建立信譽，然後才可以提出要求。君子能修養這三點，所以與人和睦相處，無所偏失。」
321.
孔子曰：「君子有九思：視思明，聽思聰，色思溫，貌思恭，言思忠，事思敬，疑思問，忿思難，見得思義。」
（卷九 論語）
321.
Confucius said: “For a superior person, there are nine things he needs to take notice of: In seeing, he must seek to understand correctly. In hearing, he must listen with clarity. His demeanor must be one of cordiality. His countenance must be one of respectfulness. He must be conscientious when he speaks, and serious in his tasks. When in doubt, he must seek advice. When in anger, he must seek to realize its negative impact. He must also think of what is right at the sight of gain.”
Scroll 9: Lun Yu
【白話】
孔子說：「君子有九個方面值得深思熟慮。觀看，要慎思看得明白；聽受，要慎思聽得清楚；臉色，要慎思表現溫和；容貌態度，要慎思謙恭有禮；發言，要慎思誠實不欺；做事，要慎思認真嚴謹；疑惑，要慎思請教提問；發怒，要慎思會有後患；每有所得，要慎思合於道義。」
322.
君子博學而淺大戴禮淺作孱守之，微言而篤行之。行欲先人，言欲後人，見利思辱，見難思詬，嗜欲思恥，忿怒思患，君子終身守此戰戰也。
（卷三十五 曾子）
322.
A superior person is knowledgeable but he is humble. He says little but he puts principles into practice. He takes actions but allows others do the talking. When he sees personal gains he contemplates whether these gains will bring forth humiliations. When he wants to back off from a problem he contemplates whether this action will bring forth insults. As soon as greed arises, he can sense shamefulness. As soon as his anger arises, he can sense pending disasters. A superior person will hold on to this prudent attitude all his life.
Scroll 35: Zeng Zi
【註釋】
①篤行：切實履行、專心實行。
②戰戰：戒慎貌、畏懼貌。
【白話】
君子德學廣博，而以淺薄自守；言語簡約，重在切實地履行。行動在別人之前，說話在別人之後；若有利可得，要想想是否會招來恥辱；面對困難，如果退縮逃避，要想想是否會招來辱罵；貪求嗜欲要考慮會招致羞恥；忿恨怨怒就想到會有禍患。所以君子應終生保持這種謹慎戒懼的心。
323.
子曰：「君子欲訥於言，而敏於行。」訥，遲鈍也。言欲遲，行欲疾。
（卷九 論語）
323.
Confucius said: “A superior person strives to be discreet in speech but quick in action.”
Scroll 9: Lun Yu
【白話】
孔子說：「君子致力於說話慎重，而做事敏捷。」由此可知，君子講究實行，不多言、不空談。
324.
凡事豫則立，不豫則廢。言前定則不跲（ㄐ一ㄚˊ），事前定則不困，行前定則不疚疚，病，道前定則不窮。
（卷十 孔子家語）
324.
Success depends upon preparation in advance. Without such preparation there will be failure. Know what to say in advance and you will not be stuck for words. Know what to do in advance and you will not be trapped in difficulties. Take actions after a plan has been carefully laid out and you will not make regrettable mistakes. Once the principles of moral standards have been set in one’s mind, it will not be difficult to put the rinciples into practice.
Scroll 10: Kong Zi Jia Yu
【註釋】
①跲：窒礙，指言語受阻而不通暢。
②疚：困惑、愧悔。
【白話】
任何事情，事前有準備就可以成功，沒有準備就要失敗；說話前先有準備，就不會詞窮理屈而站不住腳；做事前先有準備，就不會發生困難；行事前的計劃先有定奪，就不會發生錯誤、後悔的事；做人的道理，心中有準繩，則不至於行不通。
325.
子夏為莒（ㄐㄩˇ）父宰，問政。莒父，魯下邑也。子曰：「毋欲速，毋見小利。欲速則不達，見小利則大事不成。」事不可以速成，而欲其速則不達矣。小利妨大，則大事不成矣。
（卷九 論語）
325.
Zixia was appointed as the magistrate of county Ju Fu. He asked Confucius about governance. Confucius said: “Do not expect to achieve results quickly. Do not look at small advantages only. The desire to achieve quick results will lead to the opposite. The narrow view on gaining small advantages will impede us from achieving bigger successes.”
Scroll 9: Lun Yu
【白話】
子夏當莒父縣的縣令，向孔子請問政事。孔子告訴他：「政治不能要求速成，不要著眼於小利益。因為操之過急，反而不能達到成效；著眼於小利，就不能成就大事。」
326.
嬰聞一心可以事百君，三心不可以事一君。故三君之心非一心也，而嬰之心非三心也。
（卷三十三 晏子）
326.
Yan Ying said: “I have heard that one can serve one hundred kings with all his heart, but he cannot serve one king well with divided loyalties. While the wishes of the three lords are not the same, I, for one, am not a servant with divided loyalty.”
Scroll 33: Yan Zi
【註釋】
①三君：晏子事奉過齊國靈公、莊公、景公三位君主。
【白話】
我（晏嬰）聽說一心一意可以事奉百位君主，三心二意不能事奉好一位君主。所以三位君主的心意不一樣，但我的心意卻並不是三心二意。
327.
國無九年之蓄，曰不足；無六年之蓄，曰急；無三年之蓄，曰國非其國也。三年耕必有一年之食，九年耕必有三年之食。以三十年之通，雖有凶旱水溢，民無菜色，然後天子食，日舉以樂。民無食菜之飢色，天子乃日舉樂以食也。
（卷七 禮記）
327.
A country that does not have nine years of food in reserve is said to be deficient in its financial standing. If it does not have six years of food in reserve, it is said to be in a state of fiscal crisis. If it does not have three years of food in reserve, it is said to be a country that has lost its sovereignty. In every three years of farming, one year of surplus food must be reserved for emergency use; in every nine years of farming, three years of surplus food must be reserved. If we use thirty years as the base, the country will be able to have enough reserved food to withstand periods of drought and flood, and thus no famine will occur. The Son of Heaven can then be worry-free and be able to dine in fine music.
Scroll 7: Li Ji
【註釋】
①通：合計、總計。
【白話】
國家沒有九年的儲備，屬於財用不足；沒有六年的儲備，屬於財用危機；連三年的儲備都沒有，那就是國不成國了。耕種三年，一定要有一年的儲備食量；耕種九年，一定要有三年的儲備食量。按三十年計算下來，即使遇到洪水或旱災的荒年，人民也不致於挨餓，這樣，天子每天都能安心的奏著音樂吃飯。
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