謙虛
Humility
122.
《彖》曰：謙亨。天道下濟而光明，地道卑而上行。天道虧盈而益謙，地道變盈而流謙，鬼神害盈而福謙，人道惡盈而好謙。謙尊而光，卑而不可踰，君子之終也。
（卷一 周易）
122.
According to the book of Tuan Zhuan, the oracle of Humility (Qian) —“gets through”—indicates “progress and success.” In the way of heaven, to send down its beneficial influences below, where they are brilliantly displayed. In the way of earth, lying low, to send its influences upwards and (there) to act. It is the way of heaven to diminish the full and augment the humble. It is the way of earth to overthrow the full and replenish the humble. Spiritual Beings inflict calamity on the full and bless the humble. It is the way of men to dislike the full and love the humble. Humility in a position of honor makes that still more brilliant; and in a low position its virtuous accomplishment is unsurpassable. This is the result attained by a superior person through the cultivation of moral character.
Scroll 1: Zhou Yi
【註釋】
①亨：通達、順利。
②踰：超越。
【白話】
《彖傳》說：謙卑，則亨通。天道的法則是向下周濟萬物，光明普照天下；地道的法則是位處卑下而地氣向上運行；天地溝通，陰陽和合，所以說「亨通」。天的法則是減損盈滿者，增益謙虛者；地的法則是改變盈滿者，充實謙虛者；鬼神的法則是傷害盈滿者，施福謙虛者；人類的法則是憎惡盈滿者，喜歡謙虛者。謙虛者若位居尊貴，他的道德更顯光明；即使位居卑下，他的道德也不可超越；君子處於尊位或卑位，均能終生保持謙虛的美德，同時獲得謙虛帶來的終生的福報。
123.
惟德動天，無遠弗屆。滿招損，謙受益，時乃天道。自滿者人損之，自謙者人益之，是天道之常。
（卷二 尚書）
123.
Only virtuous conducts can touch the heart of heaven and earth. And people, irrespective of where they live, will come and pledge their allegiance to the virtuous. Complacency brings harm; humility brings benefits. This is the law of nature.
Scroll 2: Shang Shu
【註釋】
①屆：至、到。
②時：通「是」。此、這。
【白話】
只有德行能感通天地，無論多遠的人都會來歸順。自滿會招來損害，謙虛會得到益處，這是自然的規律。
124.
《象》曰：勞謙君子，萬民服也。
（卷一 周易）
124.
The book of Xiang Zhuan states that: “A diligent and humble superior person draws admiration and respect from tens of thousands of people to come and pledge their allegiance.”
Scroll 1: Zhou Yi
【註釋】
①勞謙：勤勞而謙恭。
【白話】
《象傳》說：勤勞而謙恭的君子，必然會得到萬民的景仰和歸服。
125.
德日新，萬邦惟懷；志自滿，九族乃離。日新，不懈怠也。自滿，志盈溢也。
（卷二 尚書）
125.
When the virtues of a leader are renewed daily, the myriad states harbor affection for him. When he is selfsatisfied and conceited, even his relatives will abandon him.
Scroll 2: Shang Shu
【註釋】
①九族：漢代儒者說九族有二。一是九代的直系親屬，包括高祖、曾祖、祖父、父親、自己、兒子、孫子、曾孫、玄孫。二是父族四（指出嫁的姑母及其兒子、出嫁的姐妹及外甥、出嫁的女兒及外孫、己之同族）、母族三（指外祖父、外祖母、姨母及其兒子）、妻族二（指岳父、岳母），此為九族。
【白話】
德行天天進步，世界各國都會受到感化而遠來歸順；心志驕傲自大，連身邊最親近的家人也會離散。
126.
故《易》曰：「有一道，大足以守天下，中足以守國家，小足以守其身，謙之謂也。」
（卷四十三 說苑）
126.
The book of Yi Jing says: “There is a Way which, if adhered to, at best can keep the world at peace; to a lesser degree can safeguard the country; at the least can keep oneself from harm. The Way is—Humility.”
Scroll 43: Shuo Yuan
【白話】
《易經》上說：「有一個道理，能按著去做，大能保住天下，中能保住國家，小能保全自身，這道理就是謙虛。」
127.
若升高，必自下；若陟遐，必自邇。言善政有漸，如登高升遠，必用下近為始，然後致高遠也。
（卷二 尚書）
127.
To climb up a mountain, one must start from the bottom. To journey afar, one must start from the closest step.
Scroll 2: Shang Shu
【註釋】
①陟遐：遠行。遐，遠。
②邇：近。
【白話】
如果要登高，一定要從低處開始；如果要行遠，一定要從近處起步。因此無論做學問或處事，應從淺近處下手，然後循序漸進，慢慢深入，不可好高騖遠。
128.
江海所以能為百谷王，以其善下之。江海以卑下，故眾流歸之，若民歸就王者。
（卷三十四 老子）
128.
The reason why the rivers and seas are able to receive the homage and tribute of all the valley streams is that they are lower than all the others. It is thus that they are the kings of them all.
Scroll 34: Lao Zi
【白話】
江海所以能成為山谷河川匯集的地方，是因為它善於處在低下的地位。由此可知，君子應虛懷若谷，謙沖自下，德行才能日益增長。
129.
君子常虛其心志，恭其容貌，不以逸群之才加乎眾人之上，視彼猶賢，自視猶不肖也。故人願告之而不厭，誨之而不倦。
（卷四十六 中論）
129.
A superior person is always humble and respectful, and his behavior is in accordance with propriety. Moreover, he never puts himself above others despite his outstanding abilities. He regards others as able and virtuous and sees himself as a less than capable person. Hence, other people are never tired of giving him advice or teaching him.
Scroll 46: Zhong Lun
【註釋】
①逸群：超群出眾。
②不肖：謙辭。指不才、不賢。
【白話】
真正的君子，常保心態謙虛，舉止恭敬有禮，不以出眾的才能而高於眾人之上；他把別人都看作是賢能之士，而把自己看成是不賢之人。因此別人願意告誡他而不覺得厭煩，教誨他而不覺得疲倦。
130.
汝惟弗矜，天下莫與汝爭能。汝惟弗伐，天下莫與汝爭功。自賢曰矜。自功曰伐。言禹推善讓人，而不失其能；不有其勞，而不失其功；所以能絕眾人也。
（卷二 尚書）
130.
If you were not conceited, no one in the world would strive to surpass your position. If you were not boastful, no one in the world would strive to surpass your contributions.
Scroll 2: Shang Shu
【註釋】
①矜：自誇、自負。
②伐：自我誇耀。
【白話】
你能不自以為賢能，天下才沒有人和你爭賢能。你能不自我誇耀，天下才沒有人和你爭功勞。換句話說，國君能時時保持謙恭謹慎的態度，天下才能永保穩固，不被推翻。
131.
夫人有善鮮不自伐，有能者寡不自矜。伐則掩人，矜則陵人。掩人者人亦掩之，陵人者人亦陵之。
（卷二十六 魏志下）
131.
Not many people can stop themselves from bragging about the good deeds that they have performed, and very few talented people can stop themselves from becoming egotistical. A boastful person will neglect the strengths of others, and an egotistical person will certainly dominate others. However, he who neglects others will also be neglected by others, and he who dominates others will also be dominated by others.
Scroll 26: Wei Zhi, Vol. 2
【註釋】
①鮮：少。
②掩人：掩蓋別人的優點。
③陵人：以勢壓人、欺侮人。
【白話】
人有善行，很少有不自誇的；有能力，也很少有不自傲的。自誇就會掩蓋別人的優點，自傲就會凌駕於別人之上。掩蓋別人的人，別人也會掩蓋他；凌駕別人的人，別人同樣也會凌駕於他之上。
132.
子曰：「如有周公之才之美，使驕且吝，其餘不足觀也已。」
（卷九 論語）
132.
Confucius said: “If a person had the talent and administrative ability as splendid as the Duke of Zhou, but then grew to become conceited and miserly, the rest of his good qualities would not be worth a glance.”
Scroll 9: Lun Yu
【白話】
孔子說：「如果一個人有周公那樣的才華和辦事能力，但是驕傲而且吝嗇，不肯分享，其餘雖有小善，也就不值得一觀了。」
133.「亢龍有悔」，何謂也？子曰：「貴而無位，高而無民，賢人在下位而無輔，賢人雖在下而當位，不為之助。是以動而有悔也。」……「亢」之為言也，知進而不知退，知存而不知亡，知得而不知喪。其唯聖人乎！知進退存亡，而不失其正者，其唯聖人乎！
（卷一 周易）
133.
The Book of Yi Jing divinized: “In the oracle Qian, the dragon seated at the highest position will have cause to repent.” Confucius interpreted this as being said: “When a man seeks to climb so high that he loses his place in the world, he becomes isolated. Nobody from below can reach him, so in every move he makes, he is bound to make mistakes, as no one can help him.” ...This foretells a person whose only ambition is to move ahead, and for that he discharges any possibility that calls for a retreat. He knows about existence but he ignores death; he wants success but cannot accept failure. Only a wise man will understand the law of advance, retreat, existence and death; yet remain on the right path. Only a wise man can do this.
Scroll 1: Zhou Yi
【註釋】
①亢龍有悔：亢是至高，龍為君位。處於極尊之位，應當以亢滿為戒，否則會有敗亡之禍。
【白話】
「處於極尊之位，應當以高傲為戒，否則會有敗亡悔恨之禍。」為何這麼說呢？夫子說：「地位極其顯貴，沒有比這再高的位置；身分極其崇高，沒有人能親善接近。賢人都處在下位，而無法在旁輔佐協助，因此一舉一動不謹慎就會引禍上身。」……「亢」字的意義，只知進取卻不知退守，只知存在卻不知會衰亡，只知獲得卻不知會喪失。這只有聖人的智慧，能知道如何進、退、存、亡，而不失正道，只有聖人才能如此吧！
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