龍源-黃藥師的相機世界

風俗

Social Customs

295.

眾賢和於朝，則萬物和於野。故四海之內，靡不和寧。

（卷十五　漢書三）  

295.

When all the wise ministers can work with one another harmoniously in the government, then all things outside the government will also exist harmoniously with one another. So there is no reason why peace cannot prevail in the world.

Scroll 15: Han Shu, Vol. 3

【註釋】

①靡：無、沒有。

【白話】

從官員到人民，看到利害得失都與自己的行為息息相關，於是眾賢臣在朝廷內能和睦相處，那麼朝廷外的萬事萬物也能和諧共榮。所以四海之內沒有不和平安寧的。

296.

故肅恭其心，慎脩其行。有罪惡者無徼_{（ㄐ一ㄠˇ）}幸，無罪過者不憂懼，請謁無所行，貨賂無所用，則民志平矣，是謂正俗。

（卷四十六　申鑒）

296.

When everybody establishes a composed and respectful nature, and discreetly cultivates a virtuous conduct, no criminals can hope to escape from punishment and no innocent people will have to live in worry and fear. People stop trying to curry favor, and bribery no longer works. Thus, people become calm with few grievances. This state of affairs is known as the “correct social custom.”

Scroll 46: Shen Jian

【註釋】

①徼：通「僥」。　

②請謁：請求、干求。

【白話】

從官員到人民，看到利害得失都與自己的行為息息相關，所以內心肅然恭敬，謹慎地修養德行。有罪惡的人不會心存僥倖逃避懲罰，沒有罪過的人不會擔憂恐懼，想靠關係走後門的人無處可行，想送禮賄賂的也沒有作用，這樣民心也就平和無怨了，這就是「正俗」。

297.

君臣親而有禮，百僚和而不同，讓而不爭，勤而不怨，無事唯職是司，此治國之風也。

（卷四十六　申鑒）

297.

The leader and his ministers are close to each other within the boundary of proper protocol. Officials remain cordial toward each other albeit they hold different points of view. They give way to one another and do not clamor for credit. They work hard with no complaints. In times of stability, they keep firmly to their respective duties. These are signs of a country that is enjoying stability and peace.

Scroll 46: Shen Jian

【註釋】

①無事：沒有變故。多指沒有戰事、災異等。

【白話】

君主和群臣親近並且遵守禮法，百官和睦而不隨便附和，互相謙讓而不爭名邀功，勤勞於國事而沒有怨言，沒有變故時，堅守自己的職事，這就是國家安定太平的氣象。

298.

古之進者有德有命，今之進者唯財與力。

（卷二十三　後漢書三） 

298.

In ancient times, people were appointed to government posts because they were virtuous and gifted. Today, people are appointed because they have money and powerful connections.

Scroll 23: Hou Han Shu, Vol. 3

【註釋】

①進：進仕、出仕。

【白話】

古時候出仕做官，靠的是修養德行和改造命運；現在做官，靠的是賄賂和勢力來取得功名富貴。

299.

上慢下暴，盜思伐之矣。慢藏誨盜，冶容誨淫。

（卷一　周易）

299.

When higher ranking officials are arrogant and lower ranking officials are harsh and brutal, they will cause thieves and bandits to band and plot mischief. Valuable belongings that are not properly kept and hidden become targets for thieves and robbers. When attires and dispositions are overtly sensuous, they have the effect of seducing others to commit sexual misconduct.

Scroll 1: Zhou Yi

【註釋】

①誨：引誘、誘使。

【白話】

處上位的人輕慢疏忽，在下位的人暴虐凶殘，盜寇就計劃要攻打了。財物不妥當收藏，就會引人偷盜；容貌打扮太過妖艷，就會引人淫亂。

300.

民之過在於哀死而不愛生，悔往而不慎來。善_善作喜語乎已然，好爭乎遂事，墮_{墮下有於字}今日而懈於後旬，如斯以及於老。

（卷四十六　中論）

300.

The problem with most people is that they would rather mourn for the dead than to love the living, and to regret the past than to plan for the future. They love to talk about the past, and argue over things that have already been done. They waste their time and refuse to face the future until the day they die.

Scroll 46: Zhong Lun

【註釋】

①遂事：往事、已經完成的事。　

②旬：時間、光陰。

【白話】

人的過失在於為死亡悲傷卻不珍惜有限的生命，常對過去的事情後悔卻不慎重考慮將來。總是常說「既然已經如此」，又喜歡爭辯過去的往事，荒廢於今日，更懈怠於將來的時光，就這樣一直到老。